Metro do Porto, SA

Same supplier receives ≥2 direct awards in 36 months with cumulative value above the CCP Art. 113 §2 statutory cap

Contract published to BASE more than 10 days after the signing date

Effective price exceeds base price by >50% (score 30) or >100% (score 55); or effective price is <50% of base (score 10, possible predatory bid or data error). Severity: Medium/High/Low.

Entity's contract values deviate from the Benford leading-digit distribution (chi-square goodness-of-fit, min 20 contracts). Score: 35 (p<0.05) or 55 (p<0.01).

Supplier tax identifier absent or invalid, OR contract awarded (effective_price > 0) with no supplier identified. Score: 25 · Severity: Medium.